Clear information about diseases affecting arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels and circulation, with a dedicated page and matching medical icon for each condition.
Select a condition to understand common symptoms, how it is evaluated and the treatment options that may be considered after consultation.
Bulging or twisted leg veins that may cause aching, heaviness, itching, cramps or skin changes.
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Fine visible surface veins that may be assessed for cosmetic concerns and underlying venous disease.
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A blood clot in a deep vein that may cause sudden swelling, pain, tenderness or warmth.
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Poor venous return that may lead to swelling, pigmentation, skin changes and leg ulcers.
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Reduced blood flow to the limbs that may cause walking pain, cold feet or non-healing wounds.
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Foot wounds, infection and circulation problems affecting people with diabetes.
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Persistent wounds that may be caused by venous disease, arterial disease, diabetes or mixed conditions.
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Long-term swelling caused by impaired movement of lymphatic fluid.
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Narrowing of the arteries in the neck that may increase the risk of stroke.
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Abnormal enlargement of the aorta that may require monitoring or treatment.
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Abnormal blood vessels that may cause swelling, pain, bleeding or discolouration.
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Assessment, creation and management of AV fistula and other dialysis-access problems.
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Enlarged veins around the testicle that may cause discomfort or fertility concerns.
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Pelvic vein problems that may contribute to long-standing pelvic pain.
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Compression of nerves or blood vessels between the neck and upper chest.
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Injury to an artery or vein that may require urgent vascular evaluation and repair.
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Assessment of abnormal clot formation affecting venous or arterial circulation.
Understand this conditionThese services support vascular diagnosis and treatment planning across several conditions.
A minimally invasive option used in selected patients to improve blood flow through narrowed arteries.
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A non-invasive Doppler examination used to assess blood flow in arteries and veins.
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Circulation-restoring treatment intended to help protect a threatened limb when clinically appropriate.
Understand this conditionVascular symptoms are often mistaken for ordinary muscle pain, ageing or a skin problem. The location and timing of pain, whether swelling affects one or both limbs, pulse findings, skin colour and wound behaviour help identify whether arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels or another system is involved.
Varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, DVT and lymphedema can all cause swelling, but their urgency and treatment are different. A venous Doppler may look for acute clot, old obstruction or valve reflux. Compression is useful for selected patients, but it should be chosen carefully when arterial circulation may also be reduced.
Peripheral artery disease may first cause calf pain while walking and later cause foot rest pain or wounds. People with diabetes or kidney disease can have advanced disease without typical pain. Pulse examination, ankle pressure and arterial imaging help decide whether medical treatment, angioplasty or bypass is appropriate.
A visible vein, scan report or wound photograph is only one part of the diagnosis. Vascular treatment planning connects symptoms with examination and imaging, then compares conservative, endovascular and open surgical options. Not every abnormal scan needs intervention, and not every severe symptom is explained by a minor scan finding.
These answers address common patient searches. They are educational and cannot replace an examination, review of scans or personalised medical advice.
A vascular surgeon evaluates diseases of arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels outside the heart and brain, along with diabetic foot wounds, dialysis access and vascular injury. Care can include medicines, risk-factor control, minimally invasive procedures and open surgery.
Warning signs include one-sided swelling, walking pain, a cold or discoloured foot, a non-healing wound, bulging painful veins, unexplained arm swelling or sudden loss of a pulse. Sudden severe symptoms need urgent assessment.
Consult when pain repeatedly starts with walking, occurs in the foot at rest, is associated with swelling or visible veins, or accompanies a wound or colour change. Muscle, joint, nerve and spine problems can mimic vascular pain, so examination is important.
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to tissues; veins return blood to the heart. Arterial disease commonly reduces delivery and can cause walking pain, coldness or wounds, while venous disease commonly causes reflux, swelling, heaviness and skin changes.
An ankle-brachial index and arterial Doppler assess leg-artery circulation. A venous Doppler checks for DVT or valve reflux. CT or MR angiography may be added when detailed treatment planning is needed.
Many vascular conditions are first managed with medicines, walking or activity plans, tobacco cessation, diabetes and blood-pressure control, compression when safe, and wound care. Procedures are recommended only when the diagnosis, severity and expected benefit support them.
Some visible veins are mainly cosmetic, but varicose veins can also cause aching, swelling, skin pigmentation, bleeding or ulcers. A venous reflux Doppler may be useful when symptoms or skin changes suggest underlying valve failure.
Diabetes can combine reduced sensation, pressure, infection and poor arterial blood flow. If circulation is inadequate, even good dressings may not heal the wound until blood-flow restoration is considered alongside infection control and off-loading.
Bring Doppler, CT or MR angiography images and reports, discharge summaries, a medicine list, wound photographs and notes from earlier procedures. A short timeline of when symptoms started also helps the surgeon interpret the current problem.
Go to emergency care for a suddenly cold, pale, painful or numb limb; uncontrolled bleeding; rapidly spreading foot infection or blackening; stroke symptoms; chest pain or breathlessness with possible DVT; or collapse with severe abdominal or back pain.
A consultation can help identify the appropriate vascular examination and imaging.
